Twitter Re-engineered Their 2010 Architecture Around Client-side Technologies
A blog post from September 2010 by the Twitter engineering team, while published a year ago, describes very well the recent shifts in web app development. It goes into substantial detail regarding their 2010 redesign. As it turns out, the redesign was far more than a re-imagined UI, but in fact relied heavily on shifting the work done by the app mostly to the client.
The paradigm shift is not an uncommon one in the current age, and depends on such strategies as exposing an API and the utilization of a group of JS frameworks to render the site: jQuery, Mustache, LABjs and Modernizr. The article states that JavaScript is central to the 2010 architecture.
The application also manages page state in the client, caching visited pages in the client while subscribing to updates and keeping the pages in sync with the state of the application.
The full article is available here.